Interactive Imagery and Affective Judgments Improve Face-name Learning in the Elderly

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Abstract
Groups of elderly adults were taught to learn name-to-face associations using one of three different techniques. In a control group (no image) participants were taught for each face-name pair to select a prominent facial feature and to transform the surname into a concrete word. Persons in a second group (image) additionally were taught to employ interactive imagery to form an association between the prominent feature and the transformed name. The third group (image + judgment) was treated the same as the second except that these individuals were also taught to judge the pleasantness of the image association that was formed. As predicted, improvement following instruction was minimal when no image association was formed but strong when interactive imagery was used. Moreover, those persons in the image + judgment group remembered more names than those in the image group and showed less forgetting on a measure of delayed recall. In addition to replicating and extending the findings of previous research with a different sample, the present study demonstrates that semantic orienting tasks can be used to enhance the retention of visual image associations as well as the simpler stimuli used in prior research.