Does Growth Hormone Therapy in Conjunction With Resistance Exercise Increase Muscle Force Production and Muscle Mass in Men and Women Aged 60 Years or Older?

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Abstract
Advancing age is associated with a reduction in skeletal muscle protein and muscle force production, a syndrome referred to assarcopenia. This process occurs during normal aging, but it is accelerated by physical inactivity and degenerative or other disease conditions.1 Decreased muscle mass and force production are associated with an increased risk of falling2 and, therefore, an increased risk for hip fracture.3 Reduced muscle force production with aging can also result in physical disability and frailty1 and in a loss of independent function,4 and it contributes to escalating health care costs.5 Our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for sarcopenia is limited. The most obvious intervention is exercise, but the feasibility and effectiveness of exercise in this population are still under investigation. Pharmacological and nutritional interventions for sarcopenia have been proposed,6–8 but preliminary evidence is not encouraging.6–15 Efficacious interventions for elderly people need to enhance both muscle protein mass and force production.