Two-Dimensional Boundary-Fitted Circulation Model in Spherical Coordinates

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Abstract
A two-dimensional, vertically averaged, unsteady circulation model, using a nonorthogonal boundary-fitted technique, was developed in spherical coordinates for predicting sea level and currents in estuarine and shelf waters. Both the dependent and independent variables are transformed into a curvilinear coordinate system. The governing equations are solved by a semiimplicit method in which the elevations are solved implicitly and the vertically averaged velocities are solved explicitly. The model employs a space-staggered grid system and a three-level time discretization. Truncation errors are second order both in space and time. The model was tested against analytic solutions for a standing wave in a closed basin, tidal circulation in a simple rectangular channel with an irregular grid system and various degrees of rotation, and tidal flow in an annular section channel with quadratic bottom topography. The model was also tested against steady-state wind-induced setup in a closed irregular basin with cons...

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