Lithium Intoxication

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Abstract
The modern era of lithium usage as a pharmacologic agent began with its “rediscovery” in 1950 by Cade and the clinical studies by Schou in the 1950s that established lithium as an effective treatment of manic-depressive illness (1). Lithium is now the drug of choice for treating bipolar affective disorders. It is successful in improving both the manic and depressive symptoms in 70 to 80% of patients (2). Lithium may also be used to treat alcoholism, schizoaffective disorders, and cluster headaches (3). Thus, lithium is an indispensable pharmaceutical component of modern psychiatric therapy.

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