Abstract
Albino rats had to solve a delay problem where two effects, both rewarding and punishing, follow behavior with the effects separated in time. In this study the immediate effect is a measure of hunger satiation and the remote effect is electric shock. It was found that when the rat is provided with a sign clearly representing the temporally remote consequences of its behavior, time (or the remoteness of the consequences) is no longer a delimiter of integration. Other observations complementing this finding were also presented. The behavior of animals not having the benefit of an externally provided sign mediating between behavior and the remote consequences thereof suggests a hypothetical stimulus trace of at least 20-sec. duration where punishment (drive induction) is the source of reinforcement.
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