An open randomized controlled trial of infection prevention in child day-care centers

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Abstract
Child care outside the home increases children's infections substantially. We have to evaluate the possibilities for reducing the transmission of infections by an infection prevention program. A 15-month randomized controlled trial involving 20 day-care centers was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of an infection prevention program. The program was introduced in 10 centers and the other matched 10 centers served as controls. Records were made of the occurrence of infections and absences from care or work because of infections among the children, their parents and the personnel of the day-care centers. Both the children and the personnel in the program centers had significantly fewer infections than those in the control centers, the reduction being 9% [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 4 to 16%, P < 0.002] among 3-year-old children and 8% (95% CI 0 to 14%, P = 0.049) among the older children. The children at the program centers received 24% fewer prescriptions of antimicrobials (95% CI 22 to 27%, P < 0.001). Likewise there were 2.5 man-year fewer absences from work on the part of parents because of a child's illness during 1 year in the program centers, a 24% difference (95% CI 18 to 29%, P < 0.001). Effective prevention of infections is possible in child day-care centers, and this can benefit both the families and the personnel. Such a program is cost-effective even if a specialist nurse implements it.