Degradation of the thiocarbamate herbicide EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylcarbamothioate) and biosafening by Rhodococcus sp. strain NI86/21 involve an inducible cytochrome P-450 system and aldehyde dehydrogenase

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Abstract
Determination of the N-terminal sequences of two EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylcarbamothioate)-induced proteins from thiocarbamate-degrading Rhodococcus sp. strain NI86/21 resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis enabled the localization of the respective structural genes on two distinct DNA fragments. One of these strongly induced proteins is a NAD(+)-dependent dehydrogenase active on aliphatic aldehydes. The second protein was identified as a cytochrome P-450 enzyme. The cytochrome P-450 gene represents the first member of a new family, CYP116. Downstream of the cytochrome P-450 gene, two genes for a [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin (rhodocoxin) and a ferredoxin reductase are located. A putative regulatory gene encoding a new member of the AraC-XylS family of positive transcriptional regulators is divergently transcribed from the cytochrome P-450 gene. By hybridization, it was demonstrated that the aldehyde dehydrogenase gene is widespread in the Rhodococcus genus, but the components of the cytochrome P-450 system are unique to Rhodococcus sp. strain NI86/21. Overexpression in Escherichia coli was achieved for all of these proteins except for the regulatory protein. Evidence for the involvement of this cytochrome P-450 system in EPTC degradation and herbicide biosafening for maize was obtained by complementation experiments using EPTC-negative Rhodococcus erythropolis SQ1 and mutant FAJ2027 as acceptor strains. N dealkylation by cytochrome P-450 and conversion of the released aldehyde into the corresponding carboxylic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenase are proposed as the reactions initiating thiocarbamate catabolism in Rhodococcus sp. strain NI86/21. In addition to the major metabolite N-depropyl EPTC, another degradation product was identified, EPTC-sulfoxide.