Alteration of sporophytic sterility mechanism in wheat

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Abstract
Aegilops longissima S. and M. and alloplasmic Triticum aestivum L. plants having an A. longissima or an A. sharonensis Eig chromosome were crossed with T. durum Desf. as the recurrent male parent to develop alloplasmic T. durum. Substitution backcrosses produced partially fertile 29-chromosome plants and the alien chromosome was transferred to euplasmic T. durum to study its transmission in tetraploid wheat. Most backcross progeny of the euplasmic and alloplasmic plants had maternal chromosome number, indicating that female gametes without the alien chromosome did not function. However, the backcross progeny included a few exceptional 28-chromosome plants with 14 bivalents or 13 bivalents + 2 univalents in which the alien chromosome substituted 4A and occasionally paired its wheat homoeolog. In addition to the majority of parental type 28-chromosome plants, their backcross progeny included 2 types of exceptional plants: 1 type had 29 chromosomes, complete male sterility, full female fertility, a large number of shriveled inviable seeds with 28-chromosome zygotes and a few plump, viable seeds that produced parental type 29-chromosome plants; the 2nd type had 28-chromosome plants with 14 bivalents or 13 bivalents + 2 univalents, and in some of their backcross progeny the alien chromosome was absent. The phenotypes of these alloplasmic plants indicated that these Aegilops spp. differed cytoplasmically from T. durum and T. aestivum.

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