Effect of Low Levels of Calcium on Exudation of Sugars and Sugar Derivatives from Intact Peanut Roots under Axenic Conditions

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Abstract
The effects of 10, 20, 35 and 50 mg of Ca(2+) per liter on the qualitative and quantitative exudation of sugars from roots of 5-week-old peanut plants, Arachis hypogaea L., grown axenically in nutrient solutions, were measured. Nutrient solutions in which plants had been growing were collected at weekly intervals for 4 weeks, sugars in them were measured by gasliquid chromatography of the trimethylsilyl derivatives. Arabinose, ribose, xylose, fructose, mannose, glucose, galactose, mannitol, galacturonic acid, inositol, sucrose, and five unknowns were found. Qualitative and quantitative differences in exudates were correlated with age of the plants and calcium level. Four times more sugar was exuded at 10 mg than at 50 mg of Ca(2+) per liter but no significant differences in growth were observed. Ion efflux measurements suggested that low levels of Ca(2+) increased root cell membrane permeability.