Multifunctional deadenylase complexes diversify mRNA control

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Abstract
Deadenylases shorten mRNA poly(A) tails and thereby regulate mRNA translation and decay. Recent studies have shown that these factors form different complexes. The recruitment of multifunctional deadenylase complexes to target mRNAs provides a unique node to control mRNA translation and decay. Dynamic changes of the lengths of mRNA poly(A) tails are catalysed by diverse deadenylase enzymes. Modulating the length of the poly(A) tail of an mRNA is a widespread means of controlling protein production and mRNA stability. Recent insights illuminate the specialized activities, biological functions and regulation of deadenylases. We propose that the recruitment of multifunctional deadenylase complexes provides unique opportunities to control mRNAs and that the heterogeneity of the deadenylase complexes is exploited to control translation and mRNA stability.