Buckling of Angles: State of the Art

Abstract
A summary of the theoretical and experimental studies conducted to investigate the buckling of angle columns and beams is presented. The theoretical analyses for flexural, torsional-flexural and plate buckling, and experimental investigations on single and built-up angle sections are expounded. Approximate methods of analysis and interaction diagrams for flexural buckling and equivalent radius of gyration method for torsional-flexural buckling are reviewed. North American and European design practices are compared. Recommendations for further research are given.

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