Restriction-map variation with the yellow-achaete-scute region in five populations of Drosophila melanogaster.

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Abstract
It has been proposed that the degree of recombination for a genomic region will affect the level of both nucleotide heterozygosity and the density of transposable elements. Both features of genomic diversity have been examined in a number of recent reports for regions undergoing relatively normal levels of recombination in Drosophila melanogaster. In this study the genomic variation associated with yellow-achaete-scute loci located at the tip of the X chromosome is examined by six-cutter restriction mapping. In this region, as usual for regions adjacent to telomeres, crossing-over is dramatically reduced, and published studies of visible mutants indicate extremely little restriction-map variation. Eight six-cutter restriction endonucleases were used to locate sequence variation in 14- and 16.5-kb regions in 109 lines sampled from North America, Africa, and Europe. The overall level of heterozygosity is estimated as 0.29%. Nine large insertions, all presumed to be transposable elements, were observed. Base-pair heterozygosity appears to be reduced compared with regions having normal levels of recombination. The estimated heterozygosity is much higher than reported in earlier studies of restriction-map variation among visible mutations in the complex. The incidence of large insertions is not elevated compared with that in other regions of the genome. This suggests that asymmetric synapsis and exchange is not an important mechanism for the elimination of transposable elements.