Fulminant Sepsis after Second-Trimester Amniocentesis in Pregnant Women by in vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer

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Abstract
Second-trimester amniocentesis is a common procedure for prenatal diagnosis. Sepsis is a rare complication after amniocentesis and may rapidly deteriorate if prompt treatment, including broad-spectrum antibiotics and removal of the infected abortus, is delayed. In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) is a standard final treatment for infertile women. Transvaginal oocyte retrieval is necessary for such women; this procedure potentially causes Escherichia coli attaching and effacing in the abdominal cavity. Here we report that two pregnant women by IVF-ET developed sepsis after second-trimester amniocentesis. The cause of sepsis after amniocentesis is still unknown. We provided the possibility of the causation of the E. coli infection associated with the previous intra-abdominal procedure, but it needs more evidence to prove it.