Developmental Rates of Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae) Reared on Apple at Four Constant Temperatures1

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Abstract
Developmental and survival rates of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), on apples were determined at constant temperatures of 16, 21,27, and 32 ± 1°C by using F1 progeny of moths collected in a North Carolina apple orchard. Survival rate was greatest at 21°C (46.7%) but did not differ significantly among the temperatures. No significant difference in developmental rates between the sexes was found. Developmental rates increased with increasing temperature, and no evidence of a decline or leveling off of the developmental rate vs. temperature curve was shown up to 32°C. By linear regression, the base threshold was shown to be 9.9°C, and 510 day-degrees (C°) was required to complete larval and pupal development. However, the developmental rate vs. temperature curve is quite nonlinear, and thus the day-degree approximation is not very accurate. The use of simplistic models of development to predict the phenology of field populations of codling moth is discussed.

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