MIDDLE ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION REACHING THE OCEAN SURFACE*

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Abstract
Abstract— Direct measurements of the downwelling spectral irradiance in the middle UV (280–340 nm) have been made for a range of solar zenith angles (20°‐70°). These measurements were made for a marine atmosphere at equatorial latitudes. We fit these data to two semi‐empirical analytic representations, from which quantitative calculations of spectral irradiance in the middle UV incident at the ocean surface can be made. The formulae accommodate variation in wavelength, solar zenith angle, ozone thickness, aerosol thickness and surface albedo. Our purpose is to provide marine photobiologists and photochemists with a basis for estimating middle UV radiation levels reaching the ocean surface and the approximate changes caused by manmade alterations of the ozone layer.