A comparison between gastric and oesophageal variceal haemorrhage treated with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt (TIPSS)

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Abstract
Background: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent‐shunts (TIPSS) are becoming widely used in the management of oesophageal variceal haemorrhage (OVH). Their place in the treatment of gastric variceal haemorrhage (GVH), a condition with a traditionally poor prognosis, remains unclear. The aims of our study were to compare portal haemodynamics and patient outcome in patients undergoing TIPSS for either GVH or OVH. Patients and Methods: 106 consecutive patients undergoing TIPSS at our institution for either GVH (32 patients) or OVH (74 patients) were studied. The groups were similar with regard to patient age, aetiology and severity of liver disease and number of procedures carried out as an emergency (34.4% vs. 36.5%). Episodes of shunt insufficiency, rebleeding, encephalopathy and other clinical sequela were recorded. Mean follow‐up was similar in both patient groups (14.2 vs. 12.1 months). Results: Baseline portocaval pressure gradient was lower in patients with GVH compared with those with OVH (13.0±0.9 mmHg vs. 19.0±0.6 mmHg) (P< 0.001). Rates of variceal rebleeding, encephalopathy and shunt insufficiency during follow‐up were similar in both groups and there was no difference in survival. Conclusion: Patients with GVH had markedly lower portocaval pressure gradients than those with OVH, but shunt and clinical complications and survival were similar during follow‐up. TIPSS appears to be an effective treatment for GVH and should be compared with endoscopic or surgical techniques in controlled trials.