Open-chain polyazaalkane ferrocene-functionalised receptors for the electrochemical recognition of anionic guests and metal ions in aqueous solution

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Abstract
New open-chain polyazaalkane N-terminal ferrocene-functionalised receptors, L1, L2 and L3, have been synthesized and characterised and their potential use as selective anion and cation sensing receptors in aqueous solution investigated. Solution studies by potentiometric methods have been carried out in the presence of H+ and Cu2+ in water (25 °C, 0.1 mol dm–3 KNO3). The results have been compared with those of the analogous non-functionalised receptors triethylenetetramine (L4), tetramethylenepentamine (L5) and N,N ″‴-dimethylpentaethylenehexamine (L6). Compounds L1–L3 form both mono- and di-nuclear complexes with Cu2+. The electrochemical responses as a function of the pH in the presence of the Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ or Pb2+ cations in water and the ATP, phosphate, sulfate and nitrate anions in thf–water (7∶3 v/v, 25 °C, 0.1 mol dm–3 [Bun 4N][ClO4]) for L1, L2, L3 and for 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaferrocenyl-1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaazacyclooctadecane (L7) in 1,4-dioxane–water (7∶3 v/v, 25 °C, 0.1 mol dm–3 KNO3) have also been determined. The studies have been directed to determine the pH ranges of selectivity in the electrochemical recognition of cations and anionic guests, pointing out the ability of molecules L1–L3 and L7 to act as selective anion-sensing or cation-sensing receptors. The anion ATP can be selectively detected using the L2 receptor in the presence of the competing anions phosphate and nitrate.

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