The Observed Structure of Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves: Comparison with Simple Models of Coupled Wave Instability

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Abstract
Observations of the horizontal and vertical structure of convectively coupled Kelvin waves are presented and are compared with the predicted structures of moist Kelvin (or gravity) waves in three simple models of coupled wave instability: wave–conditional instability of the second kind (CISK), wind-induced surface heat exchange (WISHE), and stratiform instability. The observations are based on a linear regression analysis of multiple years of ECMWF reanalysis and station radiosonde data. Results suggest that both the wave-CISK and stratiform instability theories successfully predict many important features of observed moist Kelvin waves, but that unrealistic aspects of these models limit their ability to provide comprehensive explanations for the dynamics of these waves. It is suggested that an essential component of any theory for moist Kelvin waves is the second baroclinic mode heat source associated with stratiform precipitation. Abstract Observations of the horizontal and vertical structure of convectively coupled Kelvin waves are presented and are compared with the predicted structures of moist Kelvin (or gravity) waves in three simple models of coupled wave instability: wave–conditional instability of the second kind (CISK), wind-induced surface heat exchange (WISHE), and stratiform instability. The observations are based on a linear regression analysis of multiple years of ECMWF reanalysis and station radiosonde data. Results suggest that both the wave-CISK and stratiform instability theories successfully predict many important features of observed moist Kelvin waves, but that unrealistic aspects of these models limit their ability to provide comprehensive explanations for the dynamics of these waves. It is suggested that an essential component of any theory for moist Kelvin waves is the second baroclinic mode heat source associated with stratiform precipitation.

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