Study of Golgi apparatus and vacuolar system of cavia, helix, and abraxas, by intra-vital methods

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Abstract
The vacuolar system occurs in the spermatogenetic cells of all animal and in many somatic cells, stained by the neutral red technic. It may be either intra- or extra-archoplasmic, and is probably produced by the argentophil cortex of the Golgi apparatus. Parat considers it the homologue of the Golgi apparatus of nerve cells, but this is disproved by the fact that the neutral red staining vacuome is not consistently argentophil, whereas the true Golgi apparatus is. Further, Parat thinks that the dictysome cortex is merely modified mitochondria, and not a separate and characteristic structure. During mitosis, if the vacuoles are inside the archoplasm, they usually form a scattered group near each aster, while if extra-archoplasmic they form a spindle shaped group near the chromosomes but outside the area of the amphiaster. This group divides so that in each daughter cell a group lies near the reformed Golgi apparatus. Parat thinks the proacrosomic or intra-archoplasmic spaces of Cavia are the vacuome, but in mammals the vacuolar system is extra-archoplasmic, and it is only in Notonecta that extra-archoplasmic granules take any part in the formation of the acrosome. Generally the vacuome is passive in nature, and only in oogenesis and gland secretion does it serve as a mechanism for fat and zymogen secretion. At this time it is closely related to the chromophil parts of the Golgi elements. The new cell element described by Bowen in plants has been found to represent the Golgi apparatus of animal cells, and is quite different from the plant vacuolar system which some French writers think is the homologue of the metazoan nerve cell Golgi net.

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