Lactoferrin and Its Possible Role in Iron Enrichment of Infant Formulas

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Abstract
The properties and functions of lactoferrin in relation to its use in the supplementation of infant formulas are discussed. Special attention is paid to lactoferrin functions directly related to its ability to bind iron, that is, its effect on iron absorption and bacteriostatic and antioxidant activities. From the results obtained by different authors, it can be concluded that the addition of lactoferrin, usually bovine, to infant formulas, does not affect iron absorption. However, given its ability to bind iron, its use in infant formulas could be useful for protecting the gut of infants against infections from microbial-requiring iron, its ability to reduce interelemental interactions and especially to protect infant formulas supplemented with iron and ascorbic acid against free radical formation. Although bovine lactoferrin is at the moment the most easily available, today it is possible to have human recombinant lactoferrin. The possibility of adding it to infant formulas should be considered, if and when the toxicological evaluation proves favorable, because of the possible additional improvement of iron bioavailability.