The effect of citric acid and fibronectin application on healing following surgical treatment of naturally occurring periodontal disease in beagle dogs*

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Abstract
It has recently been suggested that following the exposure of root surface collagen with citric acid, the addition of topically applied fibronectin might promote healing with a fibrous re‐attachment. The purpose of this study was to determine the benefit of citric acid demineralization and fibronectin application in the surgical treatment of severe, naturally occurring periodontal disease in Beagle dogs.The 4 treatment modalities employed were: (1) surgery alone (mucoperiosteal flaps); (2) surgery plus fibronectin; (3) surgery plus citric acid; (4) surgery plus citric acid followed by fibronectin application. Coronal and root surface notches were used as biometric and histometric reference points. Final clinical measurements were recorded 6 weeks post surgically, on the day of sacrifice.Significantly increased amounts of connective tissue reattachment were observed in the areas treated with the citric acid/fibronectin combination. Fibrous re‐attachment was enhanced at the expense of epithelial downgrowth and occurred directly to both new and old cementum and exposed dentin, often in a functional manner, i.e., perpendicular to the root surface. Areas treated with the surgery and citric acid technique attained moderate amounts of fibrous re‐attachment while the other treatment modalities were associated with a long junctional epithelium. The enhanced fibrous re‐attachment may be the product of an accelerated coalescing of exposed soft tissue and root surface collagen fibrils, while under the mediating effect of fibronectin.