Randomized Study of Vancomycin Pharyngeal Instillation as a Prophylaxis of Bronchopulmonary Infection in Intubated Neonates

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Abstract
In a randomized prospective trial, we investigated whether vancomycin (chosen for local microbiological reasons) given by instillation into the oropharynx of intubated neonates could reduce the frequency of pharyngeal and tracheal colonization, and then broncho pulmonary infection. Two groups of 20 neonates intubated for an expected ventilation period of more than 7 days were included in the study. There was no statistical difference between the two groups for weight, gestational age and duration of treatment. One group (V+) received 4 drops of a 5% solution of vancomycin every 8 h. The control group (V––) had no local treatment. Oropharyngeal and tracheal aspirates were collected twice weekly for bacterial examination. During ventilation, colonization occurred in the oropharynx of 5 V+ (on day 18 ± 10) and 18 V–– (on day 5 ± 2.5; p < 0.001); the colonization occurred in trachea of 5 V+ (on day 19 ± 11) and 17 V–– (on day 6 ± 3.6; p < 0.001). The same bacteria were identified on both sides in all infants colonized. This treatment produced no adverse effects and seemed particularly valid for very low birth weight infants.

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