Effect of Lime Neutralized Iron Hydroxide Suspensions on Survival, Growth, and Reproduction of the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas)
- 1 August 1973
- journal article
- Published by Canadian Science Publishing in Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada
- Vol. 30 (8) , 1147-1153
- https://doi.org/10.1139/f73-185
Abstract
The long-term effect of lime neutralized suspended iron on fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) survival, growth, and reproduction was assessed in a flow-through environment with a modified proportional diluter. Results of 12 months of testing reveal lower survival and declining growth of fathead minnows with an increase in lime neutralized suspended iron concentration. Hatchability and growth of fathead minnows were appreciably reduced in the lowest insoluble iron concentration tested, 1.5 mg Fe/liter. Reduced hatchability was attributed to the higher percentage of smaller particles in low lime neutralized iron concentrations. A comparison of data on survival, growth, and hatchability indicates that the safe level of suspended iron for fathead minnows presumably lies between the control and 1.5 mg Fe/liter.Keywords
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