Single scattering characteristics of volume elements in coal clouds

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Abstract
Single scattering characteristics of volume elements in coal clouds are discussed and computed, with the aim of developing laser diagnosis methods in dense particle-laden flows, where multiple scattering phenomena become predominant. Results are provided for extinction efficiency factors, single scattering albedos, asymmetry parameters, forward scattering ratios, and phase functions (rigorous as well as modeled). Interest is focused on coal particles because of their present importance in connection with problems linked to the crisis of energy. Computations are carried out at three wavelengths covering 3 orders of magnitude (0.5145-μm Ar-ion laser; 10.6-μm CO2 laser; 337-μm HCN laser) for diameters ranging from ~1 to ~100 μm.