Cytolethal Distending Toxins of Campylobacter jejuni: Genetics, Structure, Mode of Action, Epidemiology, and the Role of CDT in Campylobacter Pathogenesis

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Abstract
A complete description of the whole set of proteins encoded by the complete genomes of Campylobacter jejuni and the two Helicobacter pylori strains has been deduced from an exhaustive comparison with the proteomes of the 23 other available proteobacteria. For each protein, we have determined its modular structure (identification of all structural segments of homology), its phylogenetic profile (listing of all species containing at least one ortholog), and its class (unique to its species, paralog only, ortholog only, paralog and ortholog). The exhaustive comparison allowed us to create a list of a limited set of genes that are universal to the 26 proteobacteria studied. Many of these genes encode essential functions, defining some core of the (proteo)bacterial life. Moreover, at least 64 of these universal genes in C. jejuni and 43 in H. pylori have been annotated as encoding putative or hypothetical proteins. A few cases are presented to illustrate how our homology approach may be helpful for gaining insights into protein function, especially when no experimental data are available.

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