Real-time ultrasonography of neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage and comparison with computed tomography.

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Abstract
Low birth-weight human neonates [33] were diagnosed prospectively as having an intraventricular hemorrhage, using a real-time sonographic sector scanner. Ultrasound findings were corroborated in 27 patients by computed tomography (CT) or autopsy. Intraventricular blood is hyperechoic and, in a fresh hemorrhage, a continuous cast-like pattern of increased echogenicity replaces the usually minute, echo-free lateral ventricles. After 1-3 days the lateral ventricles begin to enlarge around the echogenic clot if hydrocephalus complicates the hemorrhage. The sonographic findings indicating intraventricular hemorrhage and its progression by hydrocephalus are presented. The accuracy of sonographic real-time sector scanning in the evaluation of neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage is discussed and compared to CT.