Mean Temperature Difference in Design

Abstract
In heat-transfer apparatus the rate of heat flow from the hot to the cold fluid is proportional to the temperature difference between the two. For design purposes, it is necessary to be able to determine the mean difference in temperature from the inlet and exit temperatures. Numerous investigators have contributed analyses of the temperature difference for exchangers with neither counter-nor cocurrent flow. This paper coordinates the results of previous studies on the same basis to give as complete a picture as possible of all the various arrangements of surface and flow. Shell-and-tube exchangers with any number of passes on shell side and tube side are covered as are the crossflow exchangers with different pass arrangements and with mixed and unmixed flow. The special cases of trombone coolers, pot coolers, and batch processes, not previously published, are also treated in detail.

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