Bronchoesophagology

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Abstract
OPPOSING views regarding the sustained use of nasotracheal intubation versus tracheostomy can be resolved by limiting use of the former to short periods of time (less than 72 hours) to prevent permanent complications, laryngeal disability, or tracheal disability. When a mechanical airway is needed for longer periods or in the presence of laryngeal or tracheal infection or both, tracheostomy is preferable. Complications following the use of nasotracheal intubation were more frequent and more severe in infants and young children. Continued search for a method of diagnosis of early bronchogenic carcinoma when roentgen findings were absent was directed toward improving cytologic methods of diagnosis, particularly with bronchoscopic aid. Increased interest in the management of esophageal strictures resulting both from caustic stenosis and lower esophageal web generally favored various methods of dilatation to surgical treatment. Congenital Anomalies.—In a study of 1,200 bronchograms, 20 major and 105 minor anomalies were found.

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