Effects of concomitant denervation and re-amputation through the regenerative forelimb outgrowth in Xenopus laevis froglets

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Abstract
Normally innervated Xenopus laevis froglet forelimbs respond to amputational injury by forming a heteromorphic, cartilaginous spike outgrowth. However, denervation concomitant with amputation of the distal portion of a regenerate outgrowth performed at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 weeks after initial forelimb amputation resulted in the regression (resorption) of most, if not all, of the remaining portion of the regenerate tissues. These results indicate that, as in urodele amphibians, concomitantly denervated and amputated forelimb outgrowths of postmetamorphic froglets do not adjust sufficiently to denervation and fresh amputation to allow regeneration to recommence. Instead, progressive resorption of the remaining tissues of the regenerate occurs.