ac losses in type-II superconductors in parallel magnetic fields

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Abstract
A general critical-state theory, which includes the effects of both flux-line cutting and flux pinning, is used for calculating hysteretic losses in type-II superconductors subjected to an oscillating magnetic field oriented at an arbitrary angle with respect to a bias field, both fields being parallel to the surface. Analytic expressions for the ac losses are obtained for the case that the amplitude of the oscillating field is small compared with the magnitude of the bias field. These expressions reduce to the known ones in two limits: the collinear case, when only flux-pinning losses are present, and the perpendicular case, when only flux-cutting losses are present. A comparison with the experimental results of LeBlanc and Lorrain is made.