Inhibition of steroid 5.alpha.-reductase by unsaturated 3-carboxy steroids

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Abstract
A series of unsaturated steroids bearing a 3-carboxy substituent has been prepared and assayed in vitro as inhibitors of human and rat prostatic steroid 5.alpha.-reductase (EC 1.3.1.30). It is proposed that the observed tight binding of the 3-androstene-3-carboxylic aicds is due to mimicry of a putative, high-energy, enzyme-bound enolate intermediate formed during the NADPH-dependent conjugate reduction of testosterone by steroid 5.alpha.-reductase. These compounds were prepared through palladium(0)-catalyzed carbomethoxylations of enol (trifluoromethyl)sulfonates derived from 3-keto precursors. Modification of A and B ring unsaturation and substitution at C3, -4, -6, and -11 was explored. Mono- and dialkylcarboxamides were employed as 17.beta. side chains to enhance inhibitory activity with the human enzyme.