Body composition analysis by bioelectrical impedance

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Abstract
A measurements to estimate body composition. Skin temperature increased from 24.1 ± 1.81°C in the cool condition to 33.4 ± 1.36°C in the warm condition. (Mean increase was 9.3 ± 1.75°C, t = 15.05, P < 0.01.) The corresponding BIA resistances were 461 ± 48 Ω and 426 ± 47Ω, respectively. (Mean reduction was 35.0 ± 9.8 Ω, t = 10.13, P < 0.01.) This resulted in a significant increase in predicted total body water (cool 47.4 ± 5.51 vs. warm 49.9 ± 5.61, t = 3.88, P < 0.01). Consequently, predicted fat mass was significantly lower in the warm than in the cool condition (8.8 ± 3.2 kg vs. 11.0 ± 3.7 kg; mean difference 2.23 ± 0.69 kg, t = 9.22, P < 0.01). These findings indicate that varying skin temperature by altering ambient temperature significantly changes resistance measurements and the estimation of total body water and percent fat by BIA. The observed changes in resistance are consistent with an apparent expansion of conductor volume in the warm environment and a reduction in the cooler condition. In this regard, the temperature-induced change in resistance could be due to alterations in cutaneous blood flow and/or compartmental distribution of body water. Thus, BIA measurements should be taken only under well-standardized ambient conditions. ©1988The American College of Sports Medicine...

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