Lodgepole Needle Miner Parasites: Biological Control and Insecticides

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Abstract
A malathion-oil spray program against the lodgepole needle miner (Recurvaria milleri Busck) at Yosemite National Park in 1959 was detrimental to the defoliator''s principal primary parasites. During the control operation, information was gained through the use of visual observation, catch cloths placed beneath treated and untreated trees and analyses of effectual residue on contaminated foliage in small cages. From data obtained during the investigation coupled with available knowledge of pest-parasite ecology, it is concluded that innovations in future needle miner control programs might provide for greater conservation of natural enemies.

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