A study of vertical space diversity for a land mobile radio

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Abstract
Vertical space diversity used for reduction of deep fading in the mobile propagation path is effective for the base station and mobile station for the future land mobile communications for which the installation conditions become increasingly more severe due to the smallness of the area occupied by the antenna in this system. In this paper, the correlation coefficient of the vertical space diversity is studied theoretically and experimentally in the case where the antenna height changes from the mobile station to the base station. Further, from the comparison of the computed and measured data of the correlation coefficient, the spatial divergence of the multiple waves arriving at the antenna has been studied due to its importance in finding the diversity effect.The divergence of the multiple wave vs. the antenna height is estimated. As a result, the antenna spacing needed to obtain the diversity effect for an arbitrary antenna height is obtained easily. For instance, in the case where the antenna height is 156 m, the standard deviation of the divergence of the arriving wave is 0.2 deg. If the correlation coefficient is assumed to be less than 0.6, the required antenna spacing is about 30 wavelengths. For the antenna height of 1.5 m, the standard deviation of the divergence of the arriving wave is about 11 deg and the required antenna spacing is about 0.3 wavelengths.

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