Comparison of non-invasive approaches to red marrow dosimetry for radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies

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Abstract
Red marrow is usually the dose-limiting organ during radioimmunotherapy. Several non-invasive approaches to calculate the red marrow dose have been proposed. We compared four approaches to analyse the differences in calculated red marrow doses. The data were obtained from immunoscintigraphy of two antibodies with different red marrow kinetics [iodine-131-16.88 IgM and indium- 111-OV-TL-3 F(ab′)2]. The approaches are based on, respectively, homogeneously distributed activity in the body, a red marrow-blood activity concentration ratio of 0.3, scintigraphic quantification, and a combination of the second and third approaches. This fourth approach may be more adequate because of its independence from the chosen antibody. In addition, the influence of activity accumulation in liver, kidneys or cancellous bone on red marrow dose was studied. The calculated red marrow dose varied between 0.14 and 0.42 mGy/MBq for 111 In-OV TL-3 and between 0.13 and 0.68 mGy/MBq for 131I-16-88. If the radiopharmaceutical shows high affinity for cancellous bone or another organ situated near the red marrow, the activity in these organs must be included in dose calculations. This study shows a large variation in calculated red marrow dose and selection of the definitive non-invasive approach awaits validation.