Antifeedants from Rayless Goldenrod and Oil of Pennyroyal: Toxic Effects for the Fall Armyworm13

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Abstract
The volatile oils and methanol-water partition fractions from rayless goldenrod, Isocoma wrightii (Gray) Rbd., at concentrations of 20,000 and 50,000 ppm, respectively, inhibited the feeding of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), almost completely, while, oil of pennyroyal, Mentha pulegium (Linn.), inhibited feeding completely at 5000 ppm. When these goldenrod fractions were incorporated in the insects’ rearing diet at 1000 ppm concentration, the following toxic effects were noted: decrease in the weight of the larvae and number surviving on the 12th day; decrease in the number of normal adult moths emerging; and increase in the total days of the life cycle. At this concentration with the oil of pennroyal all of the larvae died within 24 h when placed on the medium.