Extracorporeal Shock-Wave Lithotripsy of Gallstones Without General Anesthesia: First Clinical Experience

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Abstract
Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy has recently been introduced as a nonsurgical method to disintegrate gallstones (1). So far, general anesthesia has been used in patients for alleviating pain and controlling respiration to allow optimal focusing of the stones (1-3). In lithotripsy of kidney stones, intravenous opiate analogues can be used instead of general anesthesia (4). This report describes the fragmentation of gallbladder calculi in ten patients given intravenous opiate analgesics. The patients' clinical data are presented in Table 1. Entry criteria, adjuvant medical dissolution therapy, and shock-wave generation and application have been described elsewhere (1, 5-7). Two independent investigators

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