Oral Mucositis — The Search for a Solution

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Abstract
The oral cavity is a complex environment composed of tissues with different origins, structures, and functions. Moreover, a myriad of commensal bacteria, fungi, and viruses populate the mucosa, connective tissue, salivary glands, taste buds, bones, and teeth of the mouth. This environment is disrupted in oral mucositis (Figure 1), a serious complication of high-dose chemoradiotherapy that affects up to 75 percent of patients who undergo hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation1 and 77 percent of patients with head and neck cancer who receive such treatment.2 Numerous studies in animals and humans have tried to find a means of preventing and treating oral mucositis. . . .