Antarctic Sea-Ice Variations from Satellite Sensing in Relation to Climate

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Abstract
An analysis of records of annual mean temperatures around Antarctica shows large-scale anomalies of thousands of kilometers extent with typical variations of a deg from one year to another From 1967 on, composite satellite photographs are available which show considerable variation in the sea-ice extent in different years up to about 5º of latitude. These largest differences seem to persist over entire seasons. In general there seems to be considerable association between the region around the Antarctic with the coldest temperatures and the regions of greatest sea-ice extent. An analysis of long-term records at a single location near the edge of the Antarctic sea ice indicates a strong correlation between variations in the annual mean temperature and the duration of the sea ice, such that a change of 1 deg in the annual mean temperature corresponds to about 70 d variation in the duration of the sea ice. A relation is obtained between variations of annual mean temperature and the mean extent of the sea ice, viz. a 1 deg change corresponds to approximately 2.5º latitude variation in the maximum sea-ice extent. The magnitude of the variations in the sea-ice extent observed from the satellite data in comparison with the large-scale temperature anomalies is compatible with the above relations, although some rotational shifts appear to take place.

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