Transcultural Influences on Psychiatrists’ Rating of Verbally Expressed Emotion

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Abstract
In a previous paper (Leff, 1973) data from the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia (IPSS) (WHO, 1974) were analysed, and it was found that patients from developed countries showed a greater ability to differentiate between unpleasant emotional states than those from developing countries. The data on which this finding was based were scores derived from the sections on Depression, Anxiety and Irritability in the Present State Examination (PSE), a semi-structured psychiatric interview (Wing, Cooper and Sartorius, 1974). The scores were the sums of ratings made by psychiatrists interviewing patients from their own countries. The psychiatrists judged whether or not a symptom was present on the basis of the patient's verbal response to a series of questions, most of which are stipulated in the PSE. The patient's nonverbal behaviour is not taken into account in making these ratings.

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