The effects of various b-site modifications on the dielectric and electrostrictive properties of lead magnesium niobate ceramics

Abstract
Sintering characteristics, dielectric properties, and electrostrictive Q12 coefficients are reported for fourteen dopant cations incorporated in the perovskite A(B', B′′)O3 structure of lead magnesium niobate [Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]. Two trends in the dielectric properties were found: the maximum permittivity appears to be directly proportional to the transition temperature, and secondly, the percent change in capacitance at 20 kV/cm is proportionally larger for the higher permittivity samples. Two methods to estimate the frequency dependence of the diffuseness of the phase transition showed good correlation with each other, but revealed no general trend with ionic size or valence of the modifier cations. Electrostrictive Q12 coefficients were found to generally decrease with increasing diffuseness of the phase transitions.

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