Feasibility study for neonatal neuroblastoma screening in the United States

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Abstract
Urine was obtained from infants born at two large metropolitan Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota hospitals to determine whether normal levels of urinary catecholamine metabolites in neonates can be used for subsequent neuroblastoma screening as well as to determine compliance with collecting such urine in a voluntary program. The results suggest that there are wide variations in raw values of urinary creatinine, homovanillic acid, and vanillylmandelic acid through the first 4 days of age, apparently because of maternal creatinine and catecholamine metabolite influences. Such maternal influences appear negligible by 3 weeks of age. Furthermore, the study suggests that voluntary compliance in the United States with collecting urine at home without rigorous public education and/or methods for reminding parents may be very poor.