An Acidophilic and a Neutrophilic Nitrobacter Strain Isolated from the Numerically Predominant Nitrite-Oxidizing Population of an Acid Forest Soil

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Abstract
Two physiologically and serologically distinct strains of chemoautotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacteria were isolated as numerically predominant members of the nitrite-oxidizer population of an undisturbed forest soil with a pH range of 4.3 to 5.2. One isolate responded as a neutrophile, characteristic of the family Nitrobacteraceae, and cross-reacted strongly with fluorescent antibody to Nitrobacter strain Engel. The second isolate responded as an acidophile in pure culture, demonstrated maximal nitrite oxidation activity at pH 5.5, and had a pH tolerance range of pH 4.1 to 7.2. Nitrite oxidase in whole cells of the acidophile sustained activity to at least pH 3.5. Cell morphology of both strains typified the genus Nitrobacter in all respects when cultured at pH 7. However, under more acidic conditions the acidophile tended to elongate and at times appeared to branch. These data provide the first evidence for the existence of an acidophilic chemoautotrophic nitrifying bacterium. Isolation of the neutrophilic Nitrobacter strain reported here complements the earlier isolation of a neutrophilic Nitrosospira strain to provide further evidence of a prominent acid-intolerant population of chemoautotrophic nitrifiers in this acid forest soil. Images