Integrating Theories of Stuttering

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Abstract
In a review of the literature the author states that modern theories of the etiology of stuttering fall into 3 general groups: Developmental theories, in which the stutterer is assumed not to be inherently psychologically or constitutionally different from the normal speaker, but develops stuttering speech due to situations which occurred during his development; dys-phemic theories, in which the stutterer is thought of as being somehow different from the non-stutterer, the exact nature of the difference not being thoroughly understood but probably occurring along biochemical, neurological or physiological lines; and neurotic theories in which the stutterer is assumed to be a psychoneurotic or neurotic suffering from emotional maladjustment and presenting deviate behavior. As used here it is intended to include milder states as well as well-developed hysterical, anxiety, neuroasthenic and compulsive conditions. Some theorists bridge one or more of these classifications.

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