Collateral Ability of the Circle of Willis in Patients With Unilateral Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion

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Abstract
Background and Purpose— The circle of Willis is regarded as the major source of collateral flow in patients with severe carotid artery disease. The purpose of the present study was to assess whether the presence of border zone infarcts is related to the collateral ability of the circle of Willis in symptomatic (transient ischemic attack, minor stroke) and asymptomatic patients with unilateral occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA). Methods— Fifty-one patients (35 symptomatic, 16 asymptomatic) and 53 control subjects were investigated. Patients had unilateral occlusion of the ICA and contralateral ICA stenosis between 0% and 69%. The directions of flow, on the side of the ICA occlusion, and the size of the component vessels in the circle of Willis were investigated with MR angiography. Results— On average, 92% of the patients without border zone infarcts (n=26) had willisian collateral flow compared with 60% of patients with border zone infarcts (n=25;PPPConclusions— In patients with unilateral ICA occlusion, the presence of collateral flow via the posterior communicating artery in the circle of Willis is associated with a low prevalence of border zone infarcts. Asymptomatic patients with an ICA occlusion do not have an increased collateral function of the circle of Willis.