Platinized carbon ultramicroelectrodes as glucose biosensors

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Abstract
Miniaturized glucose biosensors were constructed by all‐chemical means from disk‐shaped carbon ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs) (diameter = 8 μm). These ultramicrobiosensors (UMBs) are capable of direct measurement of glucose in the presence of interfering species. Carbon UMEs were partially platinized by the electrochemical reduction of a platinum (IV) complex. Platinization of the carbon UMEs gave an increased current response to hydrogen peroxide and allowed the modified electrode to be operated at a lower oxidative potential. Glucose oxidase (E.C. 1.1.3.4.) was immobilized either by glutaraldehyde cross‐linking or by direct covalent attachment to the electrode surface using carbodiimide. Response time (100% response) was 15–45 seconds. Response was linear over the range of 3–7 mM glucose. An electropolymerized film of poly(1,3‐diaminobenzene) was used to prevent interfering species.