Effects of the substitution of Cu or Nb for Fe on the structure and magnetic properties of Nd8Fe84Ti8 alloys prepared by mechanical alloying

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Abstract
The effects of a partial substitution of Cu or Nb for Fe on the structure and magnetic properties of mechanically alloyed Nd 8 Fe 84 Ti 8 alloys were studied. Compared with Nd 8 Fe 84 Ti 8 alloys prepared under the same conditions, the temperature necessary for the formation of the Nd(Fe, Ti) 12 phase decreases from 900 to 750 °C with the addition of 3 at. % Cu. The addition of Cu hinders the nitrogenation of the Nd(Fe, Ti) 12 phase. The pretreatment of hydrogenation on the Cu-added alloys at 300 °C facilitates the formation of nitrides. With increasing annealing temperature, the intrinsic coercivity of the nitrides increases until it attains a maximum at 850 °C. The addition of Nb is harmful to the formation of the perfect Nd(Fe, Ti) 12 phase. For the 3 at. % Nb-containing alloys, annealing at 960 °C makes a metastable phase Nd(Fe, Ti) 7 be formed. The addition of Nb is unfavorable for the intrinsic coercivity and the maximum magnetic energy product of the nitrides.