Canarypox Vaccines Induce Antigen‐Specific Human γδ T Cells Capable of Interferon‐γ Production

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Abstract
Induction of human γδ T cells was investigated in subjects who were vaccinated with live recombinant canarypox virus expressing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) proteins or soluble MN rgp120. Both canarypox and rgp120 induced antigen-specific lymphoproliferative and interferon (IFN)–γ responses. However, only canarypox vaccination induced increased γδ T cell responses detectable after secondary in vitro expansion (P<.02). These enhanced γδ T cell responses were specific for canarypox but not HIV antigens. Canarypox-specific γδ T cells were predominantly Vγ9+ and produced intracellular and secreted IFN-γ. γδ T cell lines generated from canarypox vaccinees responded to canarypox antigens but not to mycobacterial antigens shown previously to induce bacille Calmette-Guérin–specific γδ T cells. Furthermore, canarypox vaccinations were associated with significantly higher NK cell expansions (P=.02). Increased IFN-γ production by γδ T and NK cells could enhance the induction of protective type 1 memory immunity. Thus, stimulation of γδ T cells might be an important feature of live vaccines

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