THE HYALINE MEMBRANE DISEASE–INTRAVENTRICULAR HEMORRHAGE RELATIONSHIP IN THE VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANT: PERINATAL ASPECTS

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Abstract
A large retrospective clinical study is reported confirming pathologic studies upon the effect of hyaline membrane disease on the occurrence of intraventricular hemorrhage in very low birth weight [human] infants. Infants (220) with birth wt .ltoreq. 1500 g and gestational age .ltoreq. 32 wk were studied. Infants with hyaline membrane disease (112) and 56% incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage; of those without hyaline membrane disease (108), only 31% developed intraventricular hemorrhage (P < 0.001). When controlled for gestational age, the more immature infants (.ltoreq. 1000 g) exhibited no difference in the occurrence of intraventricular hemorrhage whether hyaline membrane disease coexisted or not. In the 1001-1500 g group, the occurrence of hyaline membrane disease with intraventricular hemorrhage was significant (P < 0.001). The association of lower Apgar scores and the influence of intermittent positive pressure ventilation in infants with intraventricular hemorrhage is discussed. Extreme immaturity negates all perinatal clinical expertise in determining neonatal outcome. Carrying pregnancies beyond 28 wk gestation is mandatory. Beyond 28 wk, pulmonary maturity and the influence of therapeutic modalities and maternal transport become increasingly important.