Production of succinate from glucose, cellobiose, and various cellulosic materials by the ruminai anaerobic bacteriaFibrobacter succinogenes andRuminococcus flavefaciens

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Abstract
The production of organic acids by two anaerobic ruminal bacteria,Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 andRuminococcus flavefaciens FD-1, was compared with glucose, cellobiose, microcrystalline cellulose, Walseth cellulose (acid swollen cellulose), pulped paper, and steam-exploded yellow poplar as substrates. The major end product produced byF. succinogenes from each of these substrates was succinate (69.5–83%), the principal secondary product was acetate (16–30.5%). Maximum succinate productivity ranged from 14.1 mg/L · h for steam-exploded yellow Poplar to 59.7 mg/L · h for pulped paper. ForR. flavefaciens, the major end product from cellobiose, microcrystalline cellulose, and acid-swollen Walseth cellulose was acetate (39–46%), pulped paper and steam-exploded yellow poplar yielded succinate (42–54%) as the major product. Maximum succinate productivity byR. flavefaciens ranged from 9.21 mg/L · h for cellobiose to 43.1 mg/L · h for pulped paper. In general, much less succinate was produced at a lower maximum productivity byR. flavefaciens than byF. succinogenes under similar fermentation conditions. The maximum succinate productivities by these two organisms are comparable to the previously reported value of 59 mg/L · h forAnderobiospirillum succiniciproducens grown on glucose and corn steep liquor.